A Tamper-proof safety bag is a heavy duty bag used to hold valuable products or documents or legally sensitive items. Envelopes with security features are called security envelopes as well as security bags. Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Tamper-proof Safety Bag market in 2020. COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets. The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future. This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Tamper-proof Safety Bag industry. Based on our recent survey, we have several different scenarios about the Tamper-proof Safety Bag YoY growth rate for 2020. The probable scenario is expected to grow by a xx% in 2020 and the revenue will be xx in 2020 from US$ xx million in 2019. The market size of Tamper-proof Safety Bag will reach xx in 2026, with a CAGR of xx% from 2020 to 2026. With industry-standard accuracy in analysis and high data integrity, the report makes a brilliant attempt to unveil key opportunities available in the global Tamper-proof Safety Bag market to help players in achieving a strong market position. Buyers of the report can access verified and reliable market forecasts, including those for the overall size of the global Tamper-proof Safety Bag market in terms of both revenue and volume. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Tamper-proof Safety Bag market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. For this version of the report, the segmental analysis focuses on sales (volume), revenue and forecast by each application segment in terms of sales and revenue and forecast by each type segment in terms of revenue for the period 2015-2026. Sales and Pricing Analyses Readers are provided with deeper sales analysis and pricing analysis for the global Tamper-proof Safety Bag market. As part of sales analysis, the report offers accurate statistics and figures for sales and revenue by region, by each type segment for the period 2015-2026. In the pricing analysis section of the report, readers are provided with validated statistics and figures for the price by players and price by region for the period 2015-2020 and price by each type segment for the period 2015-2020. Regional and Country-level Analysis The report offers an exhaustive geographical analysis of the global Tamper-proof Safety Bag market, covering important regions, viz, North America, Europe, China and Japan. It also covers key countries (regions), viz, U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. The report includes country-wise and region-wise market size for the period 2015-2026. It also includes market size and forecast by each application segment in terms of sales for the period 2015-2026. Competition Analysis In the competitive analysis section of the report, leading as well as prominent players of the global Tamper-proof Safety Bag market are broadly studied on the basis of key factors. The report offers comprehensive analysis and accurate statistics on sales by the player for the period 2015-2020. It also offers detailed analysis supported by reliable statistics on price and revenue (global level) by player for the period 2015-2020. On the whole, the report proves to be an effective tool that players can use to gain a competitive edge over their competitors and ensure lasting success in the global Tamper-proof Safety Bag market. All of the findings, data, and information provided in the report are validated and revalidated with the help of trustworthy sources. The analysts who have authored the report took a unique and industry-best research and analysis approach for an in-depth study of the global Tamper-proof Safety Bag market. The following manufacturers are covered in this report: Ampac Holdings LLC. Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. SECUTAC Dynaflex Private Limited NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc. TruSeal Pty Ltd. HSA International Group ITW Envopak Limited Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd. Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd A. Rifkin Co. Packaging Horizons Corporation Versapak International Ltd Amerplast Ltd. Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd Adsure Packaging Limited Proficient Packaging CC TSG EUROSEAL Supreme Development Company Limited Tamper-proof Safety Bag Breakdown Data by Type Plastic Paper Fabric Tamper-proof Safety Bag Breakdown Data by Application Banks & Finance Cash In Transit Forensics & Law Enforcement Retails Chain Stores Courier & Logistic Company Airport & Airlines Education Smart Packaging Others
This research study involves broad usage of both secondary and primary data sources. The research process involves the identification of numerous factors which affect the industry, comprising the market environment, government policy, historical data, present trends in the market, competitive landscape, technological innovation, upcoming technologies and the technical progress in related industry, and market risks, opportunities, market barriers and challenges.
Market Estimation
Top-down and bottom-up approaches are used for validating the market size for companies, regional segments along with relevant market segmentations such as product type and application.
This report includes market estimations which are based on the marketed sale price of a product. Further breakdown of product segments, particular market share are formed based on the weightage assigned to every segment, which is derived of their usage rate and average price. The entire probable factors which effect the markets and influence them in a great way are included in this research report; and have been accounted for, studied in-depth and are confirmed through primary research. These are then studies to get the final qualitative and quantitative data. Any of the factors such as the outcome of inflation, economic downfall, and any kind of policy and regulatory alterations and/or other such factors are not accounted for in the market forecast. All of this data is amalgamated and included with thorough inputs and analysis from Gravitas Market Insights is curated in this report.
Along with the previously mentioned approaches, various data triangulation methods, in order to conduct market estimations and market forecasting for the complete market segments are detailed in this report. Key Companies present in the said market are also acknowledged via in-depth secondary research and primary research.
1 Study Coverage 1.1 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Product Introduction 1.2 Market Segments 1.3 Key Tamper-proof Safety Bag Manufacturers Covered: Ranking by Revenue 1.4 Market by Type 1.4.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Growth Rate by Type 1.4.2 Plastic 1.4.3 Paper 1.4.4 Fabric 1.5 Market by Application 1.5.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Growth Rate by Application 1.5.2 Banks & Finance 1.5.3 Cash In Transit 1.5.4 Forensics & Law Enforcement 1.5.5 Retails Chain Stores 1.5.6 Courier & Logistic Company 1.5.7 Airport & Airlines 1.5.8 Education 1.5.9 Smart Packaging 1.5.10 Others 1.6 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Tamper-proof Safety Bag Industry Impact 1.6.1 How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Tamper-proof Safety Bag Industry 1.6.1.1 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19 1.6.1.2 Supply Chain Challenges 1.6.1.3 COVID-19?s Impact On Crude Oil and Refined Products 1.6.2 Market Trends and Tamper-proof Safety Bag Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape 1.6.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19 1.6.3.1 Government Measures to Combat Covid-19 Impact 1.6.3.2 Proposal for Tamper-proof Safety Bag Players to Combat Covid-19 Impact 1.7 Study Objectives 1.8 Years Considered 2 Executive Summary 2.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Estimates and Forecasts 2.1.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue 2015-2026 2.1.2 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales 2015-2026 2.2 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size by Region: 2020 Versus 2026 2.2.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Retrospective Market Scenario in Sales by Region: 2015-2020 2.2.2 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2015-2020 3 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Competitor Landscape by Players 3.1 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales by Manufacturers 3.1.1 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales by Manufacturers (2015-2020) 3.1.2 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020) 3.2 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue by Manufacturers 3.2.1 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue by Manufacturers (2015-2020) 3.2.2 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020) 3.2.3 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) (2015-2020) 3.2.4 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue in 2019 3.2.5 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) 3.3 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Price by Manufacturers 3.4 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Types 3.4.1 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Manufacturers Manufacturing Base Distribution, Headquarters 3.4.2 Manufacturers Tamper-proof Safety Bag Product Type 3.4.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market 3.5 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Breakdown Data by Type (2015-2026) 4.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size by Type (2015-2020) 4.1.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales by Type (2015-2020) 4.1.2 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue by Type (2015-2020) 4.1.3 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2015-2026) 4.2 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast by Type (2021-2026) 4.2.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026) 4.2.2 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026) 4.2.3 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Average Selling Price (ASP) Forecast by Type (2021-2026) 4.3 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End 5 Breakdown Data by Application (2015-2026) 5.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size by Application (2015-2020) 5.1.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales by Application (2015-2020) 5.1.2 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue by Application (2015-2020) 5.1.3 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Price by Application (2015-2020) 5.2 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast by Application (2021-2026) 5.2.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026) 5.2.2 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026) 5.2.3 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Price Forecast by Application (2021-2026) 6 North America 6.1 North America Tamper-proof Safety Bag by Country 6.1.1 North America Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales by Country 6.1.2 North America Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue by Country 6.1.3 U.S. 6.1.4 Canada 6.2 North America Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Facts & Figures by Type 6.3 North America Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Facts & Figures by Application 7 Europe 7.1 Europe Tamper-proof Safety Bag by Country 7.1.1 Europe Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales by Country 7.1.2 Europe Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue by Country 7.1.3 Germany 7.1.4 France 7.1.5 U.K. 7.1.6 Italy 7.1.7 Russia 7.2 Europe Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Facts & Figures by Type 7.3 Europe Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Facts & Figures by Application 8 Asia Pacific 8.1 Asia Pacific Tamper-proof Safety Bag by Region 8.1.1 Asia Pacific Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales by Region 8.1.2 Asia Pacific Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue by Region 8.1.3 China 8.1.4 Japan 8.1.5 South Korea 8.1.6 India 8.1.7 Australia 8.1.8 Taiwan 8.1.9 Indonesia 8.1.10 Thailand 8.1.11 Malaysia 8.1.12 Philippines 8.1.13 Vietnam 8.2 Asia Pacific Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Facts & Figures by Type 8.3 Asia Pacific Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Facts & Figures by Application 9 Latin America 9.1 Latin America Tamper-proof Safety Bag by Country 9.1.1 Latin America Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales by Country 9.1.2 Latin America Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue by Country 9.1.3 Mexico 9.1.4 Brazil 9.1.5 Argentina 9.2 Central & South America Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Facts & Figures by Type 9.3 Central & South America Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Facts & Figures by Application 10 Middle East and Africa 10.1 Middle East and Africa Tamper-proof Safety Bag by Country 10.1.1 Middle East and Africa Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales by Country 10.1.2 Middle East and Africa Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue by Country 10.1.3 Turkey 10.1.4 Saudi Arabia 10.1.5 U.A.E 10.2 Middle East and Africa Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Facts & Figures by Type 10.3 Middle East and Africa Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Facts & Figures by Application 11 Company Profiles 11.1 Ampac Holdings LLC. 11.1.1 Ampac Holdings LLC. Corporation Information 11.1.2 Ampac Holdings LLC. Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.1.3 Ampac Holdings LLC. Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.1.4 Ampac Holdings LLC. Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.1.5 Ampac Holdings LLC. Recent Development 11.2 Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. 11.2.1 Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Corporation Information 11.2.2 Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.2.3 Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.2.4 Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.2.5 Mega Fortris (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Recent Development 11.3 SECUTAC 11.3.1 SECUTAC Corporation Information 11.3.2 SECUTAC Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.3.3 SECUTAC Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.3.4 SECUTAC Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.3.5 SECUTAC Recent Development 11.4 Dynaflex Private Limited 11.4.1 Dynaflex Private Limited Corporation Information 11.4.2 Dynaflex Private Limited Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.4.3 Dynaflex Private Limited Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.4.4 Dynaflex Private Limited Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.4.5 Dynaflex Private Limited Recent Development 11.5 NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc. 11.5.1 NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc. Corporation Information 11.5.2 NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc. Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.5.3 NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc. Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.5.4 NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc. Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.5.5 NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc. Recent Development 11.6 TruSeal Pty Ltd. 11.6.1 TruSeal Pty Ltd. Corporation Information 11.6.2 TruSeal Pty Ltd. Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.6.3 TruSeal Pty Ltd. Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.6.4 TruSeal Pty Ltd. Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.6.5 TruSeal Pty Ltd. Recent Development 11.7 HSA International Group 11.7.1 HSA International Group Corporation Information 11.7.2 HSA International Group Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.7.3 HSA International Group Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.7.4 HSA International Group Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.7.5 HSA International Group Recent Development 11.8 ITW Envopak Limited 11.8.1 ITW Envopak Limited Corporation Information 11.8.2 ITW Envopak Limited Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.8.3 ITW Envopak Limited Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.8.4 ITW Envopak Limited Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.8.5 ITW Envopak Limited Recent Development 11.9 Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd. 11.9.1 Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd. Corporation Information 11.9.2 Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd. Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.9.3 Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd. Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.9.4 Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd. Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.9.5 Initial Packaging Solutions Ltd. Recent Development 11.10 Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd 11.10.1 Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd Corporation Information 11.10.2 Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.10.3 Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.10.4 Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.10.5 Vikela Aluvin Pty Ltd Recent Development 11.1 Ampac Holdings LLC. 11.1.1 Ampac Holdings LLC. Corporation Information 11.1.2 Ampac Holdings LLC. Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.1.3 Ampac Holdings LLC. Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.1.4 Ampac Holdings LLC. Tamper-proof Safety Bag Products Offered 11.1.5 Ampac Holdings LLC. Recent Development 11.12 Packaging Horizons Corporation 11.12.1 Packaging Horizons Corporation Corporation Information 11.12.2 Packaging Horizons Corporation Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.12.3 Packaging Horizons Corporation Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.12.4 Packaging Horizons Corporation Products Offered 11.12.5 Packaging Horizons Corporation Recent Development 11.13 Versapak International Ltd 11.13.1 Versapak International Ltd Corporation Information 11.13.2 Versapak International Ltd Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.13.3 Versapak International Ltd Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.13.4 Versapak International Ltd Products Offered 11.13.5 Versapak International Ltd Recent Development 11.14 Amerplast Ltd. 11.14.1 Amerplast Ltd. Corporation Information 11.14.2 Amerplast Ltd. Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.14.3 Amerplast Ltd. Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.14.4 Amerplast Ltd. Products Offered 11.14.5 Amerplast Ltd. Recent Development 11.15 Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd 11.15.1 Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd Corporation Information 11.15.2 Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.15.3 Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.15.4 Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd Products Offered 11.15.5 Securepac Industries Sdn Bhd Recent Development 11.16 Adsure Packaging Limited 11.16.1 Adsure Packaging Limited Corporation Information 11.16.2 Adsure Packaging Limited Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.16.3 Adsure Packaging Limited Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.16.4 Adsure Packaging Limited Products Offered 11.16.5 Adsure Packaging Limited Recent Development 11.17 Proficient Packaging CC 11.17.1 Proficient Packaging CC Corporation Information 11.17.2 Proficient Packaging CC Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.17.3 Proficient Packaging CC Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.17.4 Proficient Packaging CC Products Offered 11.17.5 Proficient Packaging CC Recent Development 11.18 TSG 11.18.1 TSG Corporation Information 11.18.2 TSG Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.18.3 TSG Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.18.4 TSG Products Offered 11.18.5 TSG Recent Development 11.19 EUROSEAL 11.19.1 EUROSEAL Corporation Information 11.19.2 EUROSEAL Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.19.3 EUROSEAL Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.19.4 EUROSEAL Products Offered 11.19.5 EUROSEAL Recent Development 11.20 Supreme Development Company Limited 11.20.1 Supreme Development Company Limited Corporation Information 11.20.2 Supreme Development Company Limited Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue 11.20.3 Supreme Development Company Limited Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 11.20.4 Supreme Development Company Limited Products Offered 11.20.5 Supreme Development Company Limited Recent Development 12 Future Forecast by Regions (Countries) (2021-2026) 12.1 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Estimates and Projections by Region 12.1.1 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-2026 12.1.2 Global Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-2026 12.2 North America Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast (2021-2026) 12.2.1 North America: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales Forecast (2021-2026) 12.2.2 North America: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue Forecast (2021-2026) 12.2.3 North America: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast by Country (2021-2026) 12.3 Europe Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast (2021-2026) 12.3.1 Europe: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales Forecast (2021-2026) 12.3.2 Europe: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue Forecast (2021-2026) 12.3.3 Europe: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast by Country (2021-2026) 12.4 Asia Pacific Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast (2021-2026) 12.4.1 Asia Pacific: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales Forecast (2021-2026) 12.4.2 Asia Pacific: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue Forecast (2021-2026) 12.4.3 Asia Pacific: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast by Region (2021-2026) 12.5 Latin America Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast (2021-2026) 12.5.1 Latin America: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales Forecast (2021-2026) 12.5.2 Latin America: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue Forecast (2021-2026) 12.5.3 Latin America: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast by Country (2021-2026) 12.6 Middle East and Africa Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast (2021-2026) 12.6.1 Middle East and Africa: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Sales Forecast (2021-2026) 12.6.2 Middle East and Africa: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Revenue Forecast (2021-2026) 12.6.3 Middle East and Africa: Tamper-proof Safety Bag Market Size Forecast by Country (2021-2026) 13 Market Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis 13.1 Market Opportunities and Drivers 13.2 Market Challenges 13.3 Market Risks/Restraints 13.4 Porter?s Five Forces Analysis 13.5 Primary Interviews with Key Tamper-proof Safety Bag Players (Opinion Leaders) 14 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis 14.1 Value Chain Analysis 14.2 Tamper-proof Safety Bag Customers 14.3 Sales Channels Analysis 14.3.1 Sales Channels 14.3.2 Distributors 15 Research Findings and Conclusion 16 Appendix 16.1 Research Methodology 16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 16.1.2 Data Source 16.2 Author Details
